Emergencies in Anaesthesia

Front matter
- Emergencies in… Symbols
- Preface
- Note on drug dosages
- Abbreviations
- Contributors

Chapter 1 Cardiovascular
- Chapter 1 Cardiovascular
- Asystole
- Ventricular fibrillation
- Intraoperative arrhythmias: bradycardia
- Intraoperative arrhythmias: atrial fibrillation
- Intraoperative arrhythmias: narrow-complex tachycardia
- Intraoperative arrhythmias: broad-complex tachycardia
- Intraoperative hypotension
- Intraoperative hypertension
- Intraoperative myocardial ischaemia
- Cardiac tamponade
- Pulmonary embolus
- Cardiac trauma
- Thoracic aortic dissection

Chapter 2 Respiratory
- Chapter 2 Respiratory
- Hypercapnia
- Hypocapnia
- Hypoxaemia during anaesthesia
- Non-tension pneumothorax
- Tension pneumothorax
- Pulmonary oedema
- Severe bronchospasm
- Massive haemoptysis
- Difficult controlled ventilation
- Air/gas embolism

Chapter 3 Airway
- Chapter 3 Airway
- Difficult mask ventilation
- Unanticipated difficult intubation
- Can’t intubate … can’t ventilate (CICV)
- Emergency management of the obstructed airway
- Rapid sequence induction
- Oesophageal intubation
- Bronchial intubation
- Laryngospasm
- Aspiration
- Difficult tracheal extubation
- Airway fire

Chapter 4 Paediatrics
- Chapter 4 Paediatrics
- Neonatal resuscitation
- Paediatric basic life support
- Paediatric advanced life support
- Drowning and near-drowning
- Acute severe asthma
- Stridor
- Anaphylaxis
- Major trauma
- Burns
- Severe sepsis
- Useful data
- Drug formulary

Chapter 5 Obstetrics
- Chapter 5 Obstetrics
- Maternal collapse
- Intrauterine fetal resuscitation
- Severe haemorrhage
- Amniotic fluid embolus
- Severe pre-eclampsia
- Eclampsia
- Total spinal
- Accidental dural puncture
- Category 1 Caesarean section
- Problems during Caesarean section
- Failed intubation—obstetrics
- Placenta praevia
- Retained placenta
- Ruptured ectopic pregnancy

Chapter 6 Neurosurgery
- Chapter 6 Neurosurgery
- Raised intracranial pressure
- Severe head injury
- Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
- Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage
- Sodium disturbances after brain injury
- Venous air embolism
- Status epilepticus
- Spinal shock
- Autonomic dysreflexia
- Dystonic reactions

Chapter 7 Thoracics
- Chapter 7 Thoracics
- Intrathoracic tracheal/bronchial obstruction
- Inhaled foreign body
- Tracheal injury or laceration
- Bronchopleural fistula (BPF)
- Hypoxia during one-lung ventilation (OLV)
- Sudden high airway pressure during one-lung ventilation
- Pneumothorax of dependent lung during one-lung ventilation
- Dynamic hyperinflation (DHI)
- Cardiac herniation postpneumonectomy
- Major airway bleeding
- Bleeding during mediastinoscopy
- Double-lumen tubes (DLT)
- Bronchial blockers (BB)

Chapter 8 Regional anaesthesia
- Chapter 8 Regional anaesthesia
- Local anaesthetic toxicity
- Epidural abscess
- Epidural haematoma
- Total spinal
- Intravenous regional anaesthesia: cuff deflation
- Injection of adrenaline-containing local anaesthetic around digit
- Retrobulbar haemorrhage
- Globe perforation

Chapter 10 Recovery problems
- Chapter 10 Recovery problems
- Chest pain
- Acute coronary syndromes (ACS)
- Acute heart failure (AHF)
- Postoperative hypertension
- Postoperative hypotension
- Respiratory depression/failure
- Hypoxia
- Confusion
- The unrousable patient
- Stroke
- Residual neuromuscular blockade
- Oliguria/acute renal failure (ARF)
- Severe postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)
- Severe postoperative pain
- Epidural problems

Chapter 11 Emergency department problems
- Chapter 11 Emergency department problems
- Major trauma
- Drug overdose
- Massive gastrointestinal bleed
- Chemical, biological, and radiation injuries
- Management following cardiac arrest
- Decreased level of consciousness—requiring anaesthetic input
- Sepsis

Chapter 12 Equipment problems
- Chapter 12 Equipment problems
- Breathing system disconnection
- Pipeline oxygen supply failure
- Ventilator failure
- Power failure
- High airway pressure

Chapter 13 Miscellaneous Problems
- Chapter 13 Miscellaneous Problems
- Massive haemorrhage
- Using blood products
- Acute transfusion reactions
- Burns
- Inoculation injury
- Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS)
- Extravasation of anaesthetic agents
- Intra-arterial (IA) injection
- What to do in the event of fire
- Bleeding following tonsillectomy
- Bleeding following thyroid surgery
- Bleeding following carotid endarterectomy
- Emergency aortic aneurysm repair
- Sick laparotomy
- Ludwig’s angina (angina maligna)

Appendices
- Appendix 1: Drugs
- Appendix 2: Checklist

Index
- Index

2nd edition

This essential reference deals with many of the emergency situations which occur during anaesthesia practice. It describes the presentation, differential diagnosis, investigations and immediate actions for a range of problems. Advice is practical and didactic, and many algorithms are included for ease-of-reference.

About the Editors

Keith Allman, Consultant Anaesthetist, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, UK,

Andrew McIndoe, Consultant Anaesthetist and Senior Clinical Lecturer, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK,

Iain Wilson,Consultant Anaesthetist, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Disclaimer: Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up to date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work.

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